Polarity
Learning Objectives
shapes of molecules and an explanation of their polar or non-polar character with reference to the electronegativities of their atoms and electron-pair repulsion theory.
Summary Notes
Polar vs Non Polar Bonds
In non-polar bonds, bonding electrons are shared equally and are fairly distributed between nuclei of the 2 bonded atoms. This is because the atoms have the same electronegativity.
In polar bonds, bonding electrons are unequally shared between nuclei of the 2 bonded atoms. Polar covalent bonds occur between atoms of different electronegativities and a dipole points to the more electronegative atom.
Polar vs Non-Polar Molecules
A non-polar molecule is one that contains only non-polar bonds or molecules which have polar bonds whose dipoles cancel out because the molecule is symmetrical around a central atom.
A polar molecule is a molecule with polar covalent bonds that is not symmetrical around a central atom.
Like substance dissolve in like e.g. polar substances dissolve in polar substances
Videos to help build your understanding
Polar vs Non-polar Bond
Polar vs Non-Polar Molecules